First thing to understand is that a Diesel engine will have it's max air input no matter what the fuel input is. Also, Diesel engines are not limited indirectly like gas engines, which use a butterfly valve which limits air intake, which limits fuel, which limits speed.
The engines speed in a diesel is limited only by the amount of fuel injected into the engine cylinders. Therefore, the engine will have enough oxygen to burn, and the engine will attempt to accelerate to meet the new fuel injection rate. As a note, an unloaded diesel engine can accelerate at a rate of more than 2000 rps. This is why diesel engines require a speed limiter (aka fuel governor) to control the amount of fuel being injected into the engine.
Finally, the air/fuel requirements for gas engines are 17.1-15.1 for economy; 14.7 for all-around; 14-12.1 for power. Diesel engines have practically no basic guideline to follow like gas engines do with the air/fuel mixture; more gas, more go---more compression, more gas, more go, more efficient.
Hope this clears a little more of your questions.
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